What is an Electric Bike and How Do They Work?

What Are Electric Bikes?
Electric bikes, or e-bikes, have grown in popularity over the past five years. In 2022, 1.1 million ebikes were sold in the United States—almost four times more than in 2019, when 325,000 were sold. There are many reasons why more people are choosing what are electric bikes: they are an affordable, eco-friendly alternative to cars and public transport. They are also more versatile than non-electric bicycles, allowing you to engage the pedal assist to conserve energy and ride further.

In this article, you’ll learn what an electric bike is, how it works, the different types of models, and how features like chain lock bike accessories and 26 in ebike tires can enhance your riding experience.

What is an Electric Bike?

At first glance, an electric bicycle works just like a regular bike. They have a frame with handlebars, pedals, brakes, suspension, and tires. While riding, you engage the pedals to propel the bicycle forward.

What makes an electric bike unique? It includes the same components as a non-electric bike, plus a built-in battery, electric motor, and sometimes a throttle. When you pedal, the motor kicks in to help propel you forward.

The term ebike is shorthand for electric bike, meaning the two terms are interchangeable.

What Types of Electric Bikes Are There?

The main types of electric bikes are off-road, fat tire, folding, commuter, and cargo. Let’s explore each in detail.

Off-Road Ebike

E bikes off road have sturdy frames and tires to tackle uneven terrain. They often feature front or dual suspension to cushion bumps. Not all off-road ebikes have fat tires, but those that do can usually ride on sand and snow.

Benefits: strength, versatility, and access to areas that would be otherwise inaccessible.

Fat Tire EBike

Fat tire ebikes have wide tires, typically 20x4” or larger, allowing better stability on uneven terrain. These bikes are comfortable, support heavier riders, and come in various model types, including commuter, off-road, folding, and cargo.

Folding Ebike

Folding ebikes have a foldable frame for compact storage in vehicles, apartments, or public transport. They are highly portable, making it easier to bring your chain lock bike on trains or buses safely.

Commuter Ebikes

Perfect for daily commuting and riding around town. By replacing cars or public transport with a commuter ebike, you save on transportation costs and get moderate exercise. Commuter ebikes come in many configurations, from step-through folding models to fat tire bikes with dual suspension.

Cargo Ebikes

Cargo ebikes have high storage capacity and can carry at least 350 lbs. Some advanced models hold up to 440 lbs. They often feature front- or rear-facing trays for groceries, work supplies, or child seats. A dual-battery system can nearly double the travel range of a cargo ebike.

How Do Electric Bikes Work?

Electric bikes operate like regular bikes—you pedal to move forward—but include a motor, battery, sensor, controller, and display. The battery powers the motor, which provides pedal assistance based on your effort. Some models also have a throttle for moving without pedaling.

Key Components of an Electric Bike

Motor – The heart of the ebike, converting battery energy into motion. Types include hub and mid-drive motors.

Battery – Supplies power, usually lithium-ion, with capacities ranging from 600Wh to 864Wh. Batteries can be internal or removable.

Sensor – Bridges motor and pedals, measuring cadence or torque for smooth pedal-assist transitions.

Controller – The brain of the ebike, regulating motor power and coordinating electrical components like brakes and throttle.

Display – Mounted on handlebars, showing speed, battery, distance, and assistance mode.

Classes of Electric Bikes

In the U.S., ebikes are classified into three classes:

• Class 1: Pedal-assisted, top speed 20 mph, no throttle-only mode.

• Class 2: Pedal-assisted, top speed 20 mph, with throttle.

• Class 3: Pedal-assisted, top speed 28 mph, no throttle; may require a license.

How to Operate an Electric Bike

• Pedal Only: Ride like a conventional bike.

• Pedal Assist: Engage pedals and let the motor assist for easier acceleration.

• Throttle: Propel without pedaling, useful for limited mobility riders.

How Much Does an Electric Bike Weigh?

E-bikes are heavier than traditional bikes, typically 61–75 lbs (27–34 kg), due to batteries, motors, sensors, and displays. Tire size and frame material also impact weight; for instance, carbon fiber is 36% lighter than aluminum.

How to Choose the Right Electric Bike

Consider your budget, riding style, terrain, travel range, and local laws.

• Commuter: Flat, suburban areas.

• Mountain/Off-road: Long distances, rough terrain.

• Folding: Limited storage space.

Consult manufacturers if unsure which model suits you best.

Do I Need a License to Ride an Electric Bike?

Most Class 1 and 2 ebikes don’t require a driver’s license, except in states like Alaska and Hawaii.

Frequently Asked Questions

How Fast Do Electric Bikes Go? 20–32 mph on average.

How Often Do Ebikes Need Charging? Typically 40–55 miles per charge; throttle-only mode lasts ~30 miles.

Final Thoughts

With the rise of e bikes off road, 26 in ebike models, and portable chain lock bike options, there’s an electric bike for every rider. Explore the full range at Heybike to elevate your ride!